16 results
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Proximal Weakness, Normal ... Myopathy (Also caused ... Musculoskeletal #Complications ... #pathophysiology ... #signs #symptoms
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... to be falsely normal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... Areflexia (loss of normal ... Syndrome #MSK #pathophysiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... dot/blot hemorrhages ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
For pituitary masses ... Signs / Symptoms ... / Complications ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
hair follicles -> causes ... keratinocytes but abnormal ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Diagnosis and Management ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... ), liver (pain/abnormal ... Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis #Management ... #Signs #Symptoms
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Paget’s Disease: Complications ... cause excessive ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy - Summary
1. Definition
 • Towards the end of pregnancy to 5 months postpartum
exclude other causes ... sx overlap with normal ... Management during ... Thromboembolic complications ... suggest prophylactic anticoagulation