4062 results
Eosinophils (Eos) and hypereosinophilia (HE)
Caused by eosinophilopoietic cytokines
Common causes:
 - Drug reaction
 - Helminth infection
 -
hypereosinophilia (HE) Caused ... cytokines Common causes ... disease Rare causes ... : - B or T cell ... CD3-CD4+ T cells
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS): Summary of Causes and Ocular Manifestations
 • Molluscum lesions
 • Eyelid Kaposi
AIDS): Summary of Causes ... Cellulitis • B-cell ... (dry eve) • B-cell
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Pathophysiology: Triggering factor (infection,...)→Activation of CD8 T cells (IFN-y) → Excessive activation of macrophages
Activation of CD8 T cells ... ++: Hodgkin, T-cell ... lymphoma, B-cell ... intravascular B-LNH ... Drugs, Unknown cause
Multiple Myeloma and Monoclonal Gammopathies
C - HyperCalcemia- calcium > 11 mg/dL / >1 mg/dL the ULN
R
or <2 g/dl LLN B ... marrow plasma cell ... Causes of false- ... amyloidosis Other causes ... spike: • CML, B
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
commonly hairy-cell ... commonly Hepatitis B) ... Viral replication causes ... vascular endothelial cells
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
- Amphotericin B ... Alkalosis - Marked cell ... Classification #Causes
Evaluation of Leukocytosis:
The term 'leukocyte' applies to any cells within the myeloblast, monoblast, & lymphoid lineages.
Include
applies to any cells ... & lymphocytes (B ... cells, T cells, ... natural killer cells ... the underlying cause
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... turnover • Iron, B- ... Splenomegaly, Sickle Cell
Causes of Membranous Nephropathy (MN)
Primary (75-80%)
 • PLA2R antigen (70-80%)
 • Thrombospondin (1-5%)
Secondary (20-25%)
 • Infection
Causes of Membranous ... Infection ( Hepatitis B, ... adenocarcinoma and squamous cell ... Hematopoietic stem cell ... diagnosis #nephrology #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Redistribution into cells ... administration (red blood cell ... factor (white blood cell ... Classification #Causes