12 results
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False Elevation ... turnover • Iron, B-12 ... , or folate deficiency ... • Hemolytic anemia ... Diagnosis #DM2 #Differential
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
Differential diagnosis ... formerly known as ... crisis • Severe B12 ... deficiency • Mechanical ... macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia
FAT RBC Mnemonic for Causes of Macrocytic Anemia
(MCV > 100)

F - Folate (Fetus) and B12 Deficiency
of Macrocytic Anemia ... Folate (Fetus) and B12 ... Deficiency - Impairs ... a response to anemia ... Causes #Macrocytic #Anemia
Commonly Observed Laboratory Findings in Hepatic / Liver Failure
 - Elevated conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin -
ALT and AST - Elevations ... Thrombocytopenia - As ... thrombopoietin deficiency ... - Anemia - Bone ... leads to chronic anemia
Fatigue and IBD Algorithm
 • 40-50% patients have fatigue despite clinical remission
 • Risk factors: BMI,
, Anemia • Prevalence ... Crohn's > UC Anemia ... Receptor (sTfR) to differentiate ... restricted diet/deficiency ... report dehydration as
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
Lactic Acidosis - Differential ... malignancy, or thiamine deficiency ... 30mmHg) - Severe anemia ... effect - Thiamine deficiency ... #Differential #
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
blood cell count (anemia ... • Aplastic Anemia ... Megaloblastic Anemia ... Myelophthisic Anemia ... dyserythropoietic anemia
Acute Retroviral Syndrome
Acute Retroviral Syndrome is the symptomatic presentation of acute human immunodeficiency virus infection

 •
• Presents as ... Fever (75%) • Encephalopathy ... - Liver enzyme elevation ... enzymes ↑ • Mild anemia ... detecting HIV for 10-12
Anosmia Causes - Principal Etiologies of Olfactory Dysfunction
For olfactory disorders (and for most taste problems), the
Anosmia Causes - ... these conditions.12 ... facial trauma may indicate ... disorders #Diagnosis #Differential ... #Anosmia #Hyposmia
This infographic provides a mnemonic tool called “WOBBLER” for assessing an ECG (electrocardiogram) in cases of
infographic provides a mnemonic ... breakdown of the mnemonic ... coved ST-segment elevation ... • Efficiency: ... #cardiology #differential