31 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... - Coagulation disorder ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #differential #
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Volume (MCV) - Differential ... • Dietary Deficiency ... • Small Bowel Disorder ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... Unstable hemoglobin disorders ... Cell Agglutinate: Cold ... , Paroxysmal cold ... RBC #Morphology #differential
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Agglutinin Syndrome ... Viral Infection Clinical ... of anemia include ... • hemolytic anemia ... younger pts) Differential
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
- Spinal Cord Syndromes ... result in permanent neurologic ... HIV) - Vitamin B12 ... , Copper deficiency ... #differential #
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Spinal Cord Disorders ... neurological lesion: Clinical ... myelopathy - Vit B12 ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... #diagnosis #neurology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
) - HELLP syndrome ... Hemolytic uremic syndrome ... lymphoproliferative disorders ... G6PD deficiency) ... Extravascular #Causes #differential
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... dysfunction, and/or disorders ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... to manifest its symptoms ... , alcohol use, symptoms
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... , GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... - Parvovirus B19 ... • Improve the symptoms
Generalized Weakness - Differential Diagnosis Framework
"l feel weak":
 • Infectious: Influenza, EBV, PNA, Bacteremia, Sepsis
 •
: CHF, valves, COPD ... ILD, OSA, pHTN, Anemia ... Rhabdomyolysis, Critical ... Polyneuropathy, ALS), NMJ disorder ... Diagnosis #causes #neurology