20 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... E - Haemolytic anaemia ... paraesthesiae • Folate - Anaemia ... B12 - Anaemia, ... #Deficiency #differential
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
Causes of Vitamin ... B12 Deficiency ... Stomach: Pernicious anemia ... #B12 #Deficiency ... #Cobalamin #differential
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
Folate - Macrocytic anemia ... • Vitamin B12 ... - Macrocytic anemia ... Minerals: • Iron - Anemia ... cognitive dysfunction, anemia
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Framework for Anemia ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin ... B12 deficiency, ... morphologic #mcv #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low ... vitamin B12 intake ... Autoimmune - Pernicious anaemia ... low #cobalamin #differential
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... , or folate deficiency ... • Hemolytic anemia ... glycosylation • Vitamin ... Diagnosis #DM2 #Differential
The Inhibited Pathway caused by N2O, leading to a decrease in the active form of Vitamin
Inhibited Pathway caused ... - Vitamin B12 ... B12 deficiency. ... The classic clinical ... of pernicious anemia
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin ... autoantibodies (pernicious anemia ... Worsening macrocytic anemia ... wt loss • If anemia ... - CBC, PBS - anemia
Causes of Anemia in Cirrhosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
LOW RETIC INDEX - ↓ PRODUCTION
 • Vitamin
Causes of Anemia ... PRODUCTION • Vitamin ... B12 deficiency, ... syndrome, Spur cell anemia ... Kumfer @AnnKumfer #Anemia
Anosmia / Smell Dysfunction - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Nasal Obstruction/ URTI:
 • Septal Deviation
 • Allergic Rhinitis
Anosmia / Smell ... Hyperfunction • Vitamin ... B12 Deficiency ... Toxin Exposure #Anosmia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes