34 results
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... Volume (MCV) - Differential ... • Dietary Deficiency ... - Low Serum B12 ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... - Differential ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Approach - MCV) Low ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... morphologic #mcv #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Erythropoiesis (B12 ... in pernicious anemia ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low ... vitamin B12 intake ... and Sjögren's syndrome ... #differential #
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... #phosphate #nephrology
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
- Thiamine Deficiency ... ataxia (broad-based gait ... and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... diagnosis #comparison #neurology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Appropriately Low ... Binders, Vitamin D Deficiency ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... • Enzyme deficiency ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... • Common Causes ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... parasthesias, gait ... #Cobalamin #Deficiency