41 results
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
e.g AEIOU ) or anuria ... require urgent nephrology ... creatinine (in 12 ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Workup Algorithm ... osmolarity If cause ... investigations depending on clinical ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Binders, Vitamin D Deficiency ... Hyperparathyroidism, TKI ... Vitamin D: Vit D Deficiency ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency ... • Inflammatory/AI ... Paraprotein-associated (POEMS syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
- Thiamine Deficiency ... thiamine (vitamin B1 ... and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... diagnosis #comparison #neurology
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Korsakoff Syndrome ... Clinical Findings ... • Anterograde amnesia ... presentation of Thiamine deficiency ... #neurology #diagnosis
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Diagnosis and Management ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... (chronic B1 deficiency ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #neurology #nutrition
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... and petechiae Causes ... , GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... hematology #diagnosis #management
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... : • Vit B12 - aka ... • Common Causes ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... #diagnosis #management
The Inhibited Pathway caused by N2O, leading to a decrease in the active form of Vitamin
Inhibited Pathway caused ... a syndrome identical ... deficiency. ... The classic clinical ... of pernicious anemia