25 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #Vitamins #Deficiency ... signs #symptoms #nutrition
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Encephalopathy - Acute B1 ... upper limb) • Nutritional ... risk factor for nutritional ... Diagnosis #Management #neurology ... #nutrition
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
80 fL) • Iron Deficiency ... (>100 fL) • B12 ... Deficiency • ... Folate Deficiency ... #MCV #Classification
Causes of Neutropenia with Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Sequestration:
 • Splenomegaly
Marrow Infiltration:
 • Hematologic and non-hematologic
Toxins • Aplastic Anemia ... Myelodysplasia Nutritional ... deficiency: • ... B12/folate/combined
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis Nutritional ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... • Folate deficiency
Overall Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Blood Loss
 • Acute Bleed - Normocytic / Normochromic
Reticulocytes • Iron Deficiency ... • B12/Folate ... Deficiency • Aplastic ... AnemiaAnemia ... #Classification
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... wt loss • If anemia ... #Cobalamin #Deficiency ... diagnosis #management #nutrition
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine (B1) Deficiency 
Clinical Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 out of 4):
Acute Thiamine (B1 ... ) Deficiency Clinical ... dysfunction - Dietary deficiency ... #Deficiency #diagnosis ... #criteria #neurology
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
• Metabolic / Nutritional ... : DiabetesB12 deficiency ... , Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
thiamine (vitamin B1 ... ) deficiency, commonly ... and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... diagnosis #comparison #neurology