32 results
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... SIADH, Cortisol deficiency ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #diagnosis #differential ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Hypothyroidism, Low ... Glucocorticoid deficiency ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Erythropoiesis (B12 ... in pernicious anemia ... vomiting) • Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... consider other diagnosis ... #Cobalamin #Deficiency ... #diagnosis #management
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine (B1) Deficiency 
Clinical Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 out of 4):
Acute Thiamine (B1 ... ) Deficiency Clinical ... Diagnosis - Caine ... #Deficiency #diagnosis ... #criteria #neurology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Encephalopathy - Acute B1 ... - Diagnosis and ... Management Diagnosis ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #neurology #nutrition
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
mineralocorticoid deficiency ... can be high or low ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Phosphatase Of Clinical ... Most cases diagnosed ... • Pernicious anemia ... /B12 deficiency ... respiratory failure • Neurologic
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
thiamine (vitamin B1 ... and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... Korsakoff #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #comparison #neurology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Administration of inulin, B2 ... 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency ... diuretics, Mg2+ deficiency ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology