91 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #differential #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Diagnostic Framework ... kidney disease, Acute ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... #causes #hematology
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... • Dietary Deficiency ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... #Algorithm #Causes
BEE Syndromes - Immune-mediated conditions affecting the brain, eye, and ear

Visual or auditory symptoms in conjunction
BEE Syndromes - ... Inflammatory causes ... : • Susac syndrome ... • Acute disseminated ... #neurology #inflammatory
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... Deficiency • ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... alkalosis, Hungry bone syndrome ... Tumor genesis syndrome ... FGF-23: Fanconi syndrome
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... #nephrology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Encephalopathy - Acute ... B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... (chronic B1 deficiency ... #neurology #nutrition
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Constitutional Syndromes ... Clinical Presentation ... Constitutional Syndromes ... marrow-failure syndromes ... myelodysplastic syndrome
Clinical manifestations of acute liver failure 

Brain: 
Hepatic encephalopathy,  
Cerebral edema,  
Intracranial hypertension,
Clinical manifestations ... Hepatorenal syndrome ... Hepatoadrenal syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... #Diagnosis