193 results
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Most cases diagnosed ... • Vitamin C deficiency ... • Pernicious anemia ... /B12 deficiency ... respiratory failure • Neurologic
Anemia - Underproduction Diagnostic Algorithm
 - Iron deficiency anemia
 - Anemia of chronic inflammation
 - Anemia
Diagnostic Algorithm ... - Iron deficiency ... disease - Vitamin B12 ... and/or folate deficiency ... Algorithm #hematology #diagnosis
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... • Thiamine B1 ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #Vitamins #Deficiency ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
Causes of Vitamin B12 ... Deficiency - Cobalamin ... Stomach: Pernicious anemia ... #Deficiency #Cobalamin ... #differential #diagnosis
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
- Differential Diagnosis ... inflammation) • Iron deficiency ... Megaloblastic: Folate deficiency ... , B12 deficiency ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
- Differential Diagnosis ... (>100 fL) • B12 ... Deficiency • ... Folate Deficiency ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Dietary Deficiency ... - Low Serum B12 ... and Folate Deficiency ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Diagnostic Framework ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... deficiency, Folate ... deficiency • ... #differential #diagnosis
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency ... Thalassemia, Iron deficiency ... Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... or Folate deficiency ... #differential #diagnosis
Diagnosing Vitamin B12 and/or Folate Deficiency

It turns out that simply measuring serum levels of B12 or
Diagnosing Vitamin ... Deficiency It ... inadequate to diagnosis ... deficiency. ... #Diagnosis #Nutrition