43 results
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
• Symptoms of anemia ... anemia • Cold ... malignancies -> CLL ... #disease #hemolytic ... #anemia #hematology
Hemolysis - Diagnostic Algorithm and Causes

Increased red cell production: 
 • Increased Reticulocytosis/polychromasia 
 • Erythroid
Hemolysis - Diagnostic ... Increased red cell ... #Hemolytic #Anemia ... Differential #Causes #Workup ... #Hematology #Diagnosis
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) - Differential Diagnosis Table

Warm AIHA (48-70%)
Cold AHA (16-32%)
 • Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Anemia (AIHA) - ... hemoglobinuria) • Cold Agglutinin ... Disease Mixed-type ... Diagnosis #Table #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... ) (e.g. lupus, CLL ... . primary cold agglutin ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... Consider sickle cell ... Agglutination - Cold agglutinins ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #workup ... #hematology #testing
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
organ or stem cell ... crisis • Severe B12 ... anemia" • HELLP ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #hemolysis
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... Microangiopathic Hemolytic ... spherocytosis, Autoimmune hemolytic ... Cold autoimmune hemolytic ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... • Bleeding • Hemolysis ... (>100 fL) • B12 ... #MCV #Classification ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Approach to Hypoproliferative Macrocytic Anemia

 • 812, Folate Deficiency
 • MDS+
 • Hypothyroid
 • Liver Disease
812, Folate ... Hypothyroid • Liver Disease ... #Macrocytic #Anemia ... diagnosis #algorithm #hematology ... #workup
Anemia - Underproduction Diagnostic Algorithm
 - Iron deficiency anemia
 - Anemia of chronic inflammation
 - Anemia
Anemia - Underproduction ... chronic kidney disease ... - Vitamin B12 ... Underproduction #Algorithm #hematology ... #differential #workup