33 results
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
Platelet Disorders • Nutritional ... : vitamin B12 or ... • Copper deficiency ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
• Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Cancer: • Leukemia ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Causes of Neutropenia with Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Sequestration:
 • Splenomegaly
Marrow Infiltration:
 • Hematologic and non-hematologic
and non-hematologic ... Toxins • Aplastic Anemia ... Myelodysplasia Nutritional ... deficiency: • ... B12/folate/combined
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Leukemia, Tumour ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #Vitamins #Deficiency ... signs #symptoms #nutrition
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
upper limb) • Nutritional ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... (chronic B1 deficiency
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Spurious:
 • Artifact (redo CBC)
Autonomous:
 • Essential thrombocytosis
 • Polycythemia
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ... Non malignant hematologic ... effect following treatment ... malignancy • Iron deficiency ... anemia #Thrombocytosis
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... transformation to acute leukemia ... only curative treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
, GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... virus (EBV) • Leukemia ... Treatment: ... #oncology #hematology
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
• Dietary Deficiency ... - Low Serum B12 ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology