121 results
Bradycardia Diagnostic and Management Algorithm

CONSIDER ETIOLOGY (not inclusive): 
 - STRUCTURAL: sick sinus, AV block, ischemia,
and Management Algorithm ... sick sinus, AV block ... Hypothyroidism - TOX: beta-blockers ... TREATMENT - Drugs (beta-blockers ... #Differential
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Reflex Syncope:
• Vasovagal: Prolonged standing, Stress, Pain
• Situational: Coughing, Sneezing, Micturition, Defecation,
Syncope - Differential ... Framework Reflex Syncope ... Medication Effect: a-blockers ... Sinus pauses, AV block ... #Differential #
Syncope - Differential Diagnosis
The percentage of syncopal events secondary to arrhythmias or structural disease is generally
Syncope - Differential ... percentage of syncopal ... Sick sinus, AV block ... Others Non-syncopal ... #differential #
Pacemaker Placement Indications
Class I:
 • Third degree block
 • Advanced 2nd degree block
 • Symptomatic Mobitz
• Third degree block ... Advanced 2nd degree block ... or 3rd degree block ... First degree AV block ... Tri-fascicular block
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification
Reflex Syncope 
 - Vasovagal syncope
   • Prolonged standing
Shock - Differential ... - Vasovagal syncope ... pauses • AV block ... side effect (e.g. αblockers ... #Differential #
Pharmaceutical Management of Hyperthyroidism / Thyroid Storm
Beta-Blockers 
• Decreases sympathetic hyperactivity 
• Partially blocks peripheral conversion
Thyroid Storm Beta-Blockers ... • Partially blocks ... Propylthiouracil (PTU) • Blocks ... Methimazole • Blocks ... pathway has been blocked
Beta Blocker Side Effects / Toxicity
Cardiac Side Effects:
 • Sinus bradycardia, AV block, Heart failure exacerbation,
Beta Blocker Side ... bradycardia, AV block ... exacerbation, Beta ... blocker withdrawal
Summary of Heart Blocks
1st Degree Heart Block:
 • Prolonged PR >200ms (5 small squares).
 • Narrow
Summary of Heart Blocks ... 1st Degree Heart Block ... Mobitz I Heart Block ... Complete Heart Block ... • Block in AV
Differential Diagnosis of Syncope
First, is it syncope? History is very important for distinguishing syncope from other
Differential Diagnosis ... of Syncope First ... , is it syncope? ... #Causes #Differential ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Antiarrhythmics - Vaughan Williams Classification:
CLASS 1 - Sodium Channel Blockers:
 • MOA: Block fast Na+ channels
: • MOA: Block ... duration CLASS 2 - Beta ... : • MOA: Block ... primarily) and block ... : • MOA: Block