2845 results
Acute “calculus” cholecystitis: gallstones, anterior wall > 3mm and + sonographic murphys sign. “Integral” in managing
Acute “calculus” ... cholecystitis: ... #Gallbladder #Cholecystitis
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... or other tumor, Calculi ... - Malignancy, Calculi ... Schistomiasis, Malignancy, Calculi ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal Calculus ... to identify non-calculus ... causes of flank ... Useful for non-calculus ... causes of obstruction
Causes of Gallbladder Wall Thickening
Primary Wall Thickening:
1 . Acute calculous cholecystitis
2. Acute acalculous cholecystitis
3. Chronic cholecystitis
4.
Causes of Gallbladder ... Acute calculous cholecystitis ... Acute acalculous cholecystitis ... Chronic cholecystitis ... Wall #Thickening #Causes
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... heart failure #Calculi ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... #calculus
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Tubulolnterstitial • Calculi ... • BPH • Calculi ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Diseases of the Biliary Tract
Asymptomatic gallstones - Asymptomatic
Symptomatic gallstones - Biliary pain
Cholesterolosis of gallbladder - Usually
Adenomyomatosis - May cause ... cancer Acute cholecystitis ... quadrant pain, nausea ... sign Chronic cholecystitis ... quadrant pain, nausea
Gallstone Diseases
1. Asymptomatic Stones 75%
2. Biliary Pain 20%
3. Acute Cholecystitis 10%
4. Mirizzi's Syndrome < 0.1%
5. Cholangitis/
Acute Cholecystitis ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Chest Pain - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Chest Pain:
 • Myocardium:
	- Myocarditis
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
	- Myopericarditis
Cardiovascular Causes ... Tamponade Pulmonary Causes ... Pneumothorax Other Causes ... • Gallbladder: Cholecystitis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Painful: suggests calculi ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts