17 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
insufficiency) ... ketosis with ketone excretion ... #NonGap #Metabolic ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic ... potassium excretion ... failure • Chronic ... Normal, Renin High ... #algorithm #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
metabolic acidosis • Chronic ... D-lactic acidosis • Chronic ... to diarrhea, a high ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Urine Fractional Excretion ... Malabsorption, Chronic ... Glucose, Acute resp. alkalosis ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... Workup #phosphate #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
1 - Failure of secretion ... Mixed* - Inherited carbonic ... proximal features and high ... classification #nephrology ... #diagnosis
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
- Differential Diagnosis ... GI Absorption: Chronic ... Acute Respiratory Alkalosis ... Inappropriately High ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
- Differential Diagnosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... antidiuretic hormone secretion ... : • Acute or chronic ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... - Adrenal insufficiency ... Interpretation #Diagnosis ... #Summary #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Renal insufficiency ... - Diarrhea - High ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... #Workup #nephrology