18 results
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Pathophysiology: Chronic ... → Inflammation causes ... endpoint of all-cause ... iron #deficiency #CHF ... #management #cardiology
Right-Sided Heart Failure - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cardiac Causes - Rule out Left-Sided Heart Failure (Most Common):
- Differential Diagnosis ... Syndrome • Chronic ... • Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive ... Disease #RHF ... #HeartFailure #Cardiology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Low EABV (e.g., CHF ... Creatinine • Chronic ... ARB • Adrenal insufficiency ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
elevated jugular venous ... *Chronic HFrEF may ... un lymphatic Diagnostic ... #heartfailure #diagnosis ... #management #cardiology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... correction of chronic ... include vaptans (HF ... #Treatment #management ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
- Differential Diagnosis ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... Food - Avoid in CRF ... #causes #potassium ... #high #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
Discontinuation of causal ... • Evolution: Chronic ... sle #comparison #table ... #rheumatology #diagnosis ... #management
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the result of insufficient output because of cardiac failure, high resistance
the result of insufficient ... increased pulmonary venous ... pulmonary disease and causes ... increased systemic venous ... #Diagnosis #Radiology