12 results
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Normal Jugular venous ... Raised Jugular venous ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Syndrome #Nephritic #Comparison ... #Table #Nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute and chronic ... Hypokalemia ... Chronic progressive ... (with renal insufficiency ... #nephrology
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
calcification versus ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Phosphate #Binders #Table ... #Comparison #Pharmacology ... #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... HCO3 - Renal insufficiency ... normal Type 4: Hyperkalemic ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... differential #diagnosis #causes ... potassium #high #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... Creatinine • Chronic ... ARB • Adrenal insufficiency ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal Insufficiency ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Common Ulcers of the Ankles and Feet

Chronic Venous Insuffciency 
This condition usually appears over the medial
Ankles and Feet Chronic ... Venous Insuffciency ... diabetic neuropathy, neurologic ... uncomplicated cases ... Clinical #Podiatry #Comparison
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... reabsorption) Workup ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology