21 results
Etiologies of Hypoaldosteronism

Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Low Renin, Low Aldosterone)
 - Diabetic Nephropathy 
 - NSAIDs
Non-Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism (Normal
Inhibitors - Chronic ... Primary adrenal insufficiency ... Resistance (Normal or High ... Renin, Normal or High ... Aldosterone #Comparison #Table
Eczematous Skin Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Eczematous - Pruritic/Scaly/Erythematous lesions. Usually poorly demarcated
 • Atopic Dermatitis
lichenification (chronic ... Secondary to venous ... insufficiency. ... onset, requires high ... Eczematous #SkinRash #dermatology
Causes of Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis
Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
 • Volume Expansion: Kidney failure, Pregnancy, Medication
failure, Pregnancy, Medication ... Heart failure • Venous ... Obstruction / Insufficiency ... vein thrombosis, Chronic ... venous stasis
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
, Interaction CARBONIC ... #Diuretics #Medications ... Pharmacology #summary #table ... #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Myoclonic, Tonic, Clonic ... Atonic, Tonic-clonic ... ICH, Cerebral venous ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... Medications 2. ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
HCO3 - Renal insufficiency ... • Serum K high ... - Diarrhea - High ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... Diagnosis #Workup #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Acidosis Causes of High-anion ... Chronic progressive ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
phlebotomy High ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... Medications 2. ... causes #potassium #high ... #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... liver cirrhosis, chronic ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table