15 results
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
, Interaction CARBONIC ... Chlorthalidone POTASSIUM-SPARING ... #Diuretics #Medications ... Pharmacology #summary #table ... #nephrology
Diuretics sites of action on the nephron
1) Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)
2) Osmotic diuretics (e.g. mannitol)
3) Loop
Acetazolamide (carbonic ... Metolazone) 5) Potassium-sparing ... #pharmacology #nephrology ... #medications #sites
Causes of Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis
Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
 • Volume Expansion: Kidney failure, Pregnancy, Medication
failure, Pregnancy, Medication ... Heart failure • Venous ... Obstruction / Insufficiency ... vein thrombosis, Chronic ... venous stasis
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... Medications 2. ... #high #nephrology
Eczematous Skin Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Eczematous - Pruritic/Scaly/Erythematous lesions. Usually poorly demarcated
 • Atopic Dermatitis
lichenification (chronic ... Secondary to venous ... insufficiency. ... varicose veins, venous ... Eczematous #SkinRash #dermatology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Myoclonic, Tonic, Clonic ... Atonic, Tonic-clonic ... ICH, Cerebral venous ... Toxic: Alcohol, Medication ... Algorithm #Causes #neurology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
• Recent IV potassium ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... deficiency • Renal insufficiency ... Medications 2. ... #high #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute and chronic ... Chronic progressive ... hyperkalemia (with renal insufficiency ... Potassium-sparing ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
liver cirrhosis, chronic ... cirrhosis, and chronic ... Excretion #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #Medications ... #Table
Medications for the Treatment of Hyperkalemia
The goals of acute treatment are to prevent potentially life-threatening cardiac
Medications for ... Patients with chronic ... hyperkalemia, and Table ... 3 summarizes medications ... #Management #Medications