417 results
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low ... and Sjögren's syndrome ... Food-bound cobalamin ... #cobalamin #differential
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin ... Vit B12 - aka cobalamin ... leukopenia and/or low ... pit, low retic ... macrocytosis - Low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... SAME, Cushing Syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... causes #potassium #low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low ... , Liddle syndrome
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Between Nephrotic Syndrome ... and Nephritic Syndrome ... == Nephrotic Syndrome ... pressure - Normal/low ... Serum albumin - Low
Syncope in 3 Steps
1. Consider the 3 "S" Mimics: Seizure, low Sugar, Stroke (TIA)
2. Heart vs
Mimics: Seizure, low ... Tamponade • Fluid > low ... subclavian steal syndrome ... Rhythm > fast or slow
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
hyperaldosteronism • Low ... , NGT suction, Low ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low ... , Liddle syndrome
When trying to differentiate between the two conditions think “FAST” with Serotonin Syndrome and “SLOW” with
with Serotonin Syndrome ... Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ... Serotonin Syndrome ... Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Serotonin #Syndrome
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Hypercalcemia Low ... PTHrP: - Low ... disease, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... disease, Viral Syndromes
Serotonin Syndrome - THINK: FAST
 - FAST onset
 - FAST movements (agitation, akathisia, HYPERreflexia)
 - FAST
Serotonin Syndrome ... Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ... - THINK: SLOW ... - SLOW onset ... NeurolepticMalignant #Syndrome