1535 results
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Hypovolemic: Diuretics, osmotic ... Hypervolemic: Conn syndrome ... , Cushing syndrome ... Algorithm #nephrology #sodium
Pharmacologic Management of Constipation 
Fiber Laxatives
 - Bran powder
 - Psyllium
 - Methylcellulose
 - Calcium polycarbophil
Surfactants - Docusate sodium ... - Mineral oil Osmotic ... Tap water - Sodium
Brugada syndrome with non-sustained VT; sodium channel blocking drugs (e.g. amio, procainamide) can be dangerous here!

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Brugada syndrome ... non-sustained VT; sodium ... amalmattu #Brugada #syndrome
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Diuretics • Osmotic ... Causes #nephrology #sodium
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Treatment Algorithm

IBS-Constipation:
 • Constipation: Osmotic laxatives
 • Abdominal pain: Antispasmodics

IBS-Diarrhea:
 • Diarrhea:
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ... Constipation: Osmotic ... Irritable #Bowel #Syndrome
Spinal Cord Injury Syndromes
Complete, Incomplete, Paraplegia, Tetraplegia
Incomplete Spinal Cord Syndromes:
 - Brown Sequard Syndrome
 - Anterior
Spinal Cord Injury Syndromes ... Brown Sequard Syndrome ... Anterior Cord Syndrome ... Posterior Cord Syndrome ... - Central Cord Syndrome
Central Cord Syndromes
 - Anterior Cord Syndrome
 - Central Cord Syndrome
 - Brown Sequard Syndrome

#CentralCord #Syndromes
Central Cord Syndromes ... Anterior Cord Syndrome ... - Central Cord Syndrome ... Brown Sequard Syndrome ... #CentralCord #Syndromes
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
transporter Bartter syndrome ... limb Gitelman syndrome ... tubule Liddle syndrome ... cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium
Causes of Generalized Edema - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Overfill (Increased renal sodium retention, Urine Na > 40meq/L)
Increased renal sodium ... • Nephrotic Syndrome ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Inherited Colorectal Cancer (CRS) Syndromes
Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes:
 • Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), Attenuated FAP (AFAP), MUTYH
Colorectal Cancer (CRS) Syndromes ... Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes ... Urinary → Lynch Syndrome ... Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome ... (JPS), Cowden Syndrome