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diagnosis differential algorithm treatment hypokalemia hyponatremia low metabolic potassium syndrome table vancomycin workup abg acid acidbase acidosis aki alkalosis aniongap
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... #nephrology
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia: 1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic) 2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Diagnosis and Evaluation ... Identification of onset (acute ... cardiac, liver, renal ... Diagnosis #EM #IM ... Differential #Algorithm #Ddxof
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... irrigation • Management ... Kidney stones caused ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Pharmacology #
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
repeat testing • Acute ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... by UW IM Residency
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Villous adenoma Renal ... chewing tobacco, Renal ... Hypomagnesemia, Acute ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... after starvation, Acute ... steatorrhea) • Renal ... Tubulointerstitial renal ... differential #diagnosis #nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
exercise or with diuretic ... are seen in acute ... tubulointerstitial nephritis, renal ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min) Osmotic
Causes of Polyuria ... /min) Osmotic Diuresis ... Recovery from Acute ... Renal Failure, ... #Polyuria #Nephrology
Furosemide (Lasix) Pharmacology • IV Furosemide in Acute Heart Failure • Causes of Diuretic Resistance •
Furosemide in Acute ... Heart Failure • Causes ... of Diuretic Resistance ... • Approach to Diuretic ... #nephrology #pathophysiology
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