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Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... - Emergency Causes ... : • Spinal cord ... #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
Syndromes Spinal ... Causes of spinal ... involvement Cauda Equina ... #Cord #syndromes ... #differential #diagnosis
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
Spinal Cord Disorders ... roots -> Cauda equina ... Cord Causes: 1 ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome ... #neurology #differential
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Conditions: • Cauda Equina ... Syndrome - Low ... pain, sciatica, saddle ... Commonly caused ... #neurology #sensory
How do you work up an ischemic CVA?
A) Initial Evaluation
 • ABCs
 • IV access, monitor
A) Initial Evaluation ... exam (complete neuro ... (core, penumbra ... stroke #workup #diagnosis ... #checklist #neurology
Orthopedic Essentials - Spinal Trauma and Spine Classification 
DENIS THREE COLUMN CONCEPT
Anterior column:
annulus fibrosus Middle ... fractures: Don't cause ... or neurologic deficit ... injury 3 Cauda equina ... #Orthopedics #diagnosis
Incomplete spinal cord syndromes (ISCS)
 • Central - Small Lesion - Suspended sensory deficit, classic cape
Incomplete spinal ... cord syndromes ... rectal dysfunction, saddle ... types) • Cauda Equina ... #diagnosis #neurology
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework

HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES:
Hyperviscosity Syndrome:
 • Spontaneous bleeding
 • Shortness of breath
- Differential Diagnosis ... of breath • Neurologic ... Malignant Epidural Spinal ... Cord Compression ... Superior Vena Cava
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
- Differential Diagnosis ... The evaluation should ... include a: • Neurologic ... II ○ Susac’s syndrome ... trauma ○ MS, CVA