10 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
and Evaluation ... cardiac, liver, renal ... #EM #IM #Nephro ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Ddxof
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... Torsemide) • Acute pulmonary ... Kidney stones caused
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Algorithm Volume ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... • Drugs • Pulmonary ... GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... #Algorithm #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm ... Diuretics (discontinued ... Renal artery stenosis ... Liddle - Dr. ... #Diagnosis #Causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Algorithm Volume ... Low Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Causes
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Syndrome, Chronic Renal ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... #diagnosis #causes
It is important to recognize Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) as more than just simply a
are excellent at evaluating ... with presence of pulmonary ... excreted using diuretics ... the determined cause ... #algorithm #management