20 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Nephro #Hyponatremia #Algorithm #VolumeStatus #Differential #Ddxof
Differential Diagnosis ... and Evaluation ... of Hyponatremia ... IM #Nephro #Hyponatremia ... #Ddxof
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #EM #IM #Nephro #Hypernatremia #Algorithm #VolumeStatus #Differential #DiabetesInsipidus #Ddxof
Differential Diagnosis ... and Evaluation ... of Hypernatremia ... #IM #Nephro #Hypernatremia ... DiabetesInsipidus #Ddxof
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... and Evaluation ... symptoms (HA, nausea ... #EM #IM #Nephro ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Beer Potomania - Low ... #Differential # ... #causes #nephrology
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Algorithm and Differential ... Diagnosis of Macroscopic ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... #EM #IM #Urology ... #Algorithm #Ddxof
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... #Nephrology #Differential
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
symptoms: • Severe low ... - Emergency Causes ... Diagnosis: • ... #diagnosis #causes ... #neurology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Cushing's syndrome, Liddle ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes
Lower Extremity Dermatomes and Myotomes
Reflexes: 
 • Knee - L2, L3, L4
 • Ankle - S1
Conditions: • Cauda ... Equina Syndrome - Low ... pain, sciatica, saddle ... Commonly caused ... #neurology #sensory