2026 results
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
PRBC transfusion, Dehydration ... • Symptoms: ... changes, stroke symptoms ... organ damage • Treatment ... tumor burden • Symptoms
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
neuropsychiatric symptoms ... noxious stimuli) TREATMENT ... Initiate empiric treatment ... • Beware of dehydration ... Diagnosis #Management #treatment
IDSA Recommendations for Treating Isospora belli Infection in HIV-AIDS
Treating Isospora belli Infection
General Management Considerations:
 • Fluid
patients with dehydration ... 3–4 weeks) if symptoms ... IDSA #Prevention #Treatment
Clinical features of shock from dehydration in an infant

Decreased level of consciousness 
Sunken fontanelle 
Dry mucous
of shock from dehydration ... PhysicalExam #Signs #Symptoms ... Shock #Infant #Dehydration
Urine Specific Gravity - Interpretation
Specific Gravity = Density of urine / Density of water
SG close to
: • Excessive hydration ... close to 1.035: • Dehydration
Acute Treatment of Migraine
Mild Attacks: NSAIDs, Simple Analgesics
Moderate/Severe Attacks: Triptans, Ditans, Gepants, Ergots
Non-pharmacologic Treatment: Neuromodulation, Rest,
Acute Treatment ... Non-pharmacologic Treatment ... Neuromodulation, Rest, Hydration ... Migraine #acute #treatment
Bronchiolitis - Lower respiratory tract (bronchioles) 

Microbiology 
 • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (most commonl
Complications • Dehydration ... nasal suctioning, hydration
Symptom-Based Treatments for Allergic Rhinitis

#Management #Allergy #Allergic #Rhinitis #Medications #Symptoms
Symptom-Based Treatments ... #Medications #Symptoms
Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE) - Spectrum of Response
Non-response:
 • Histology: Persistent eosinophilia, ≥ 15 eos/hpf
 • Symptoms:
15 eos/hpf • Symptoms ... : Persistent symptoms ... decrease in a symptom ... : Decreased symptoms ... : Symptom resolution
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Euglycemic DKA

Risk factors for euglycemic DKA in those on an SGLT2i include:
 •
deficiency • Severe dehydration ... serum or urine Treatment ... Correction of dehydration