660 results
diagnosis differential algorithm management causes clinical nephrology pharmacology endocrinology pathophysiology diabetic table comparison treatment medications ophthalmology physicalexam cardiology dm2 video
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
(treatment of diabetic ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... syndrome (mimics loop diuretic ... mimics thiazide diuretic
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Inadequate water intake: • Lack of access to water Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... • Central diabetes ... • Nephrogenic diabetes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... • Nephrogenic diabetes ... Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes ... DDAVP) • Central diabetes
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency • Increased osmotic load (Increased
Increased urine osm): Diabetes ... • Physiologic Diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... disease, Loop Diuretics ... deficiency/resistance (Diabetes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic diuresis ... - Uncontrolled diabetes ... Post-obstructive diuresis
Hyperglycemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Diabetes Mellitus: • Impaired Glucose Tolerance • Type I Diabetes • Type
Diagnosis Algorithm Diabetes ... Tolerance • Type I Diabetes ... • Type 2 Diabetes ... • Gestational Diabetes ... Corticosteroids • Thiazide diuretics
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Urine Output > 3L /day Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg) • Primary
3L /day Water Diuresis ... Polydipsia • Central Diabetes ... • Nephrogenic Diabetes ... Insipidus Mixed Diuresis ... Failure Solute Diuresis
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Excess Intake of Water: • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia") •
a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... : Conventional diuretics ... Poorly controlled diabetes ... Diabetes Insipidus
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
• Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... • Euvolemic: Diabetes
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
loop or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... metabolic acidosis: Diabetic
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