69 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic ... , Bartter's syndrome ... use), Gitelman's syndrome ... excess and related syndromes
T-Wave ECG changes in Hyperkalemia vs Hyperacute MI
 - Hyperkalemia: Increased height, without increase area
 -
T-Wave ECG changes ... in Hyperkalemia ... fazalabul #TWaves #ECG ... #Hyperkalemia # ... electrocardiogram #comparison
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Hypomagnesemia • Osmotic diuresis ... • Gitelman's syndrome ... • Bartter's syndrome ... Hypothermia • Hypokalemic
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • G-CSF • Hypokalemic ... • Refeeding syndrome ... • Discontinued diuretic ... MatthewHoMD #Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
Hypercalcemia - EKG ... • Milk-alkali syndrome ... disease • Thiazide diuretics ... Hypercalcemia #EKG ... #ECG #Electrocardiogram
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... - Hungry bones syndrome
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... , Bartter syndrome ... , Gitelman syndrom ... @priti899 #Hypokalemia
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
patients with hypokalemia ... • Cell shift: Hypokalemic ... Urine Cl - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... #hypokalemia
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... , Bartter's syndrome ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #hypokalemia
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... Hypovolemia, UNa ... Stress, Drugs, Syndrome