28 results
In order to better classify heart failure, the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American
American College of Cardiology ... or signs of heart ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... CHF #Congestive #HeartFailure ... #Classes #NYHA
Traditionally, congestive heart failure has been classified according to severity of symptoms, first formulated by the
to severity of symptoms ... flare ups that cause ... III and class IV symptoms ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology ... CHF #Congestive #HeartFailure
Cardiac Amyloid - Diagnosis, Signs, Symptoms and Management

Clinical Presentation
- exertional dyspnea
- peripheral edema
- exertional syncope
- peripheral
Cardiac Amyloid - Diagnosis ... , Signs, Symptoms ... #Stages #Management ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Cardiology #Staging
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure
Pathophysiology:
Chronic heart failure leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines → Inflammation
Heart Failure Pathophysiology ... improvement in symptoms ... composite endpoint of all-cause ... deficiency #CHF #HFrEF #heartfailure ... #cardiology
Tree in Bud Sign
The Tree-in-Bud sign represents Endobronchial spread in a linear branching pattern and centrilobular
Tree in Bud Sign ... actually seen in all ... #diagnosis #clinical ... #radiology #ChestCT ... #pathophysiology
Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure - Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm
Diagnosis: Ferritin <100 ng/mL (absolute ID) OR
Guidelines: • ACC ... improve functional status ... order to alleviate symptoms ... deficiency #CHF #HFrEF #heartfailure ... #algorithm #cardiology
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
Hypertension Stage ... -> AV nicking Stage ... #Retinopathy #pathophysiology ... ophthalmology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms
Pott's Disease in Tuberculosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology:
 - Typically from TB endemic areas
 -
extrapulmonary cases ... Clinical Signs ... years - May have signs ... decreased reflexes Pathophysiology ... should be done in ALL
Uncommon Causes of Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (NCPE) - Differential Diagnosis Framework

High Altitude Pulmonary Edema:
 • Accumulation
- Differential Diagnosis ... activity, especially status ... • Signs/Symptoms ... • Signs/Symptoms ... depressed mental status
Heart failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF)
Clinical Presentation
1. Typical symptoms: dyspnea, orthopnea paroxysmal noctumal dyspnea, fatigue,
Typical symptoms ... Less Typical Symptoms ... Pharmacology: • ACE ... Jcortesizaguirr #HFrEF #heartfailure ... #cardiology #pharmacology