13 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Workup Step 1 ... Assess volume status ... - burns - fevers ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Pulmonary Diseases, CNS ... Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Hypernatremia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Workup Step #1 ... history Step #2 - Assess ... #Sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... ICU patients • Fever ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Encephalitis, Brain Abscess ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #neurology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... 1) Check Urine ... thirst, Lack of access ... #Algorithm #nephrology
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... • Symptoms: Fever ... • Symptoms: Fever ... tuberculomas, or abscesses ... #Infections #differential
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Interpretation: 1. ... mmol/L Step 1 ... Anxiety, pain, fever ... acidosis: - CNS ... #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Hypotonic Infant (Floppy Newborn) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Central Nervous System - Decreased LOC, Axial
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hemorrhage • CNS ... Hematoma • Abscess ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Peds #
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
• Prevalence: 1: ... equina syndrome (CES ... Diagnosis: • ... Spinal infection/abscess ... #neurology