10 results
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Injury: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Classification of PCL Iniuries
 • Partial: Translation <
• Combined PCL ... structures, such as ... the ACL, posterolateral ... #Injury #MSK #Sports ... classification #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
, glycyrrhizic acid ... Normotensive: • UCl ... Post-hypercapnia • UCl ... #nephrology #causes ... #low #potassium
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... (AG) = {Na - (Cl ... #Summary #Nephrology ... #Acid #Base #Gas ... #VBG #differential
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
Hypochloremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... decarboxylation/gas ... muscle cells • Gas ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Chloride Algorithm Cl ... Kidney loss of Cl ... alkalosis • Loss of Cl ... Cystic fibrosis Cl ... diagnosis
Guide to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

What to ask/look for: 
 - HPI, PMH, full ROS
- Urine Na/K/Cl ... - CPK, uric acid ... AcuteKidneyInjury #AKI #Nephrology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Causes #Differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Potassium-sparing ... ACE-Is and ARBs ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology
There are similarities and differences between these 3 conditions which all carry treatment implications. Each mimic
breakdown of glycogen stores ... mobilizes fatty acids ... produce Acetoacetic acid ... provided the starting potassium ... #diagnosis #differential
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Antibiotics (Bactrim, PCN ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... (Assess GFR), ±VBG ... Management #Treatment #potassium ... #nephrology #K
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
Pinpoint-sized red spots ... vitamin B12 or folic acid ... Antibiotics such as ... blood count with differential ... Myelodysplastic #Syndromes #diagnosis