347 results
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
not initiate if eGFR ... not continue if eGFR ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
SGLT2 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits SGLT2 (sodium/glucose cotransporter 2) in the proximal tubule,
Contraindications: eGFR ... DM2 #diabetes #endocrinology
The GFR Clock for Staging CKD

Staging CKD is most frequently done by calculating the estimated glomerular
The GFR Clock for ... function rate (eGFR ... calculating the eGFR ... to remember the eGFR ... #Nephro #CKD #EGFR
Interpreting Kidney Biomarkers

↑ Creatinine: 
 • AKI, CKD
 • Medications that lead to nephroprotective ↓ in
nephroprotective ↓ in GFR ... hyperthyroidism ↓ eGFR
Renal Failure Prognosis - The eGFR and proteinuria offers a general prognosis as demonstrated in the
Prognosis - The eGFR ... #CKD #EGFR #Proteinuria
To improve the usefulness of the serum creatinine concentration as a marker of kidney function, prediction
accurately predict GFR ... overestimation of GFR ... used to estimate GFR ... CockcroftGault #EGFR
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Cetuximab and other EGFR ... in Na-KATPase, EGFR
Indications for Parathyroidectomy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • All patients with symptomatic PHPT
 • Serum calcium 1
renal function GFR ... Indications #PHPT #endocrinology
Renal involvement in 35% of mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis 
Associated with : 
 • Absence of skin
- 85% • Mean eGFR ... follow-up • eGFR
Metformin in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Immediate release:
 • Initial 500 mg or 850 mg once daily
 •
maximum dose eGFR ... recommended dose eGFR