45 results
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Infiltrative disorders (e.g ... Malignancy - CNS ... - Medications (e.g ... renal diseases (e.g ... #Causes
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
polyneuropathy (e.g ... Hyperreflexia: • Hypocalcemia ... #differential # ... diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... Kidney Injury AKI - Differential ... vasoconstriction (e.g ... AIN) • Drugs (e.g ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
- Malignancy (e.g ... the lung) - CNS ... pathology (e.g. ... #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Alice in Wonderland Syndrome
What? Metamorphophsia - Distortions of the visual perceptions with changes in size (micro
CNS: parietal ... (Many causes!) ... • Infection (e.g ... Brain lesions (e.g ... #differential
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
dialysis indication (e.g ... require urgent nephrology ... common culprits: Hypovolemia ... Nephrotoxic drugs (e.g ... isotonic fluids (NS
Hyperkalemia with Peaked T waves on ECG

These are the classic peaked T-waves of Hyperkalemia. Notice how
Peaked T waves on ECG ... to a baseline ECG ... Be able to recognize ... #ECG #EKG #Electrocardiogram ... #Clinical #Cardiology
Myocarditis - Diagnosis and Causes
 • Clinical presentation: Pseudo-acute coronary syndrome, Cardiac failure <3 rnonths, Cardiogenic
Clinical presentation ... Paraclinical assessment: EKG ... pericarditis • Rule out differential ... #Myocarditis #differential ... #cardiology #MRI
Classification of Diabetes Insipidus

Central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus:
 - Congenital - Structural malformations affecting the hypothalamus
metastases, Infection (e.g ... uropathy, Metabolic causes ... (e.g., hypokalemia ... disease, Drugs (e.g ... #Diagnosis #Differential
CNS Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Clinical Manifestations: Demyelinating Syndrome, Headache, Movement disorders, Seizure disorders, Aseptic
CNS Manifestations ... Erythematosus (SLE) Clinical ... autoantibodies that will cause ... Lumbar Puncture, EEG ... #neurology #rheumatology