16 results
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
Metformin Pharmacology ... agent • Does not cause ... Common Side Effects and ... #Summary #DM2 # ... diabetes #endocrinology
Pathophysiology of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)
Absolute Insulin deficit:
 - Type I DM:
Pathophysiology ... Ketoacidosis (DKA) and ... Absolute Insulin deficit ... Relative Insulin deficit ... #comparison #endocrinology
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology ... not definitively cause ... /effect) • Saxagliptin ... #Summary #DM2 # ... diabetes #endocrinology
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology ... not definitively cause ... /effect) • May ... #Summary #DM2 # ... diabetes #endocrinology
Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers: Mechanism and Side-effect
Examples: Valproate, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine
 • Mild anticholinergic effect -> Drowsiness
Anticonvulsants as ... Stabilizers: Mechanism and ... -> Nausea, vomiting ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology ... #Psychiatry #Pharmacology
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
approved in 2013 and ... kidney), which causes ... SGLT2 #Inhibitors #Pharmacology ... #Medications #DM2 ... #Diabetes #Endocrinology
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Inpatient Medication Guide

Classes: Biguanide, Sulfonylurea, TZD, DPP-4 inhibitor, GLP-1 receptor agonist, SGLT2i,
Medication Guide Classes ... dose of insulin and ... Diabetes #Mellitus #DM2 ... #Medications #pharmacology ... comparison #table #endocrinology
Acromegaly - Diagnosis and Management Summary - GrepMed Handbook 

Clinical Presentation: 
 • Classic Acromegaly: frontal
malignancy Pathophysiology ... Pegvisomant) ± D2 ... or refractory cases ... Diagnosis #Management #Endocrinology ... #Treatment #Pathophysiology
GLP-1 Agonists

Adlyxin (Lixisenatide) Daily
Bydureon (Exenatide ER) Weekly 
Ozempic (Semaglutide) Weekly 
Trulicity (Dulaglutide) Weekly 
Victoza (Liraglutide) Daily
to the incretin effect ... the GI tract) and ... GLP1 #Agonists #Pharmacology ... Dosing #Diabetes #DM2 ... #Endocrinology
Pituitary Mass Effects - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Pituitary turnors are almost always a benign
affect approximately ... For pituitary masses ... Headaches • Nausea ... #SideEffects #endocrinology ... mnemonic #GLFTAP #pathophysiology