55 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... • Renal tubular ... #causes #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... Acute or chronic renal ... #Causes #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... , Renal Artery Stenosis ... Medications Intra-Renal ... Autoimmune Post-Renal ... #causes #algorithm
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Differential Diagnosis Renal ... hypomagnesemia Renal ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... , Post renal transplant ... #nephrology #magnesium
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... life threatening complications ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Hypokalemia Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... oral intake Renal ... Nonreabsorbable anions • Renal ... #Causes #Classification
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Medications Renal ... Losses Non-renal ... #nephrology #low
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
HYPOTENSION → renal ... vasoconstriction → decreased renal ... perfusion → renal ... Cast formation: Renal ... #treatment #nephrology
BRASH Syndrome

B - Bradycardia
R - Renal failure
A - AV nodal blockade
S - Shock
H - Hyperkalemia

Typical ECG
BRASH Syndrome ... Bradycardia R - Renal ... ) BRASH Treatment ... • Aggressive treatment ... diagnosis #management #pathophysiology