13 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... life threatening complications ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... RTA, Distal RTA, DKA
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
out of cells may cause ... To prevent hypokalemia ... patient has good renal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #pathophysiology
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Recovery From DKA ... Alkalosis • Hypokalemia ... Increased Excretion - Renal ... endocrinology #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
HAGMA • Late complication ... HYPOTENSION → renal ... vasoconstriction → decreased renal ... perfusion → renal ... Cast formation: Renal
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
↓insulin (DM, DKA ... post-hypothermia • ↓ Renal ... Excretion: - Renal ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... only if no clear cause
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
HYPOTENSION -> renal ... vasocontriction-> decreased renal ... renal ischemia ... Cast formation: Renal ... Management #Summary #causes
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
Pathogenesis and Complications ... of calcium in renal ... Incr Breakdown of DNA ... Release of purine bases ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
contribution of liver or renal ... - Shock - Hypovolemia ... Diabetes mellitus/DKA ... deficiency - Renal ... lactate production Renal
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
(renal potassium ... Sjögren syndrome, Renal ... diarrhea Potential Complications ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... nephrology #management #pathophysiology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
protein C and S Pathophysiology ... Bleeding (64%) • Renal ... Treat primary cause ... #treatment #management ... #hematology