9 results
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... life threatening complications ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... RTA, Distal RTA, DKA
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
To prevent hypokalemia ... patient has good renal ... produces them when low ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #pathophysiology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
↓insulin (DM, DKA ... post-hypothermia • ↓ Renal ... Excretion: - Renal ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... acidosis) • Low
Hyperuricemia: Pathogenesis and Complications

 - Hypercalcemia (due to diseases like Sarcoidosis and Hyperparathyroidism) -> Accumulation of
Pathogenesis and Complications ... of calcium in renal ... Tubular Poisons (Low ... Incr Breakdown of DNA ... Hyperuricemia #Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... Sjögren syndrome, Renal ... diarrhea Potential Complications ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
contribution of liver or renal ... LV failure - Low ... Diabetes mellitus/DKA ... deficiency - Renal ... lactate production Renal
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
hormonal imbalances (low ... hormone levels cause ... /Osteoporosis RENAL ... Cardiac Arrest #BulimiaNervosa ... #pathophysiology
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Overview

Increased Clotting and Consumption of Clotting Factors

Findings:
 • Bleeding
 • Recent history
Prolonged PT/PTT • Low ... protein C and S Pathophysiology ... Bleeding (64%) • Renal ... Treat primary cause ... #hematology
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
Hyperkalemia, a ... increased risk of renal ... content induces renal ... which reduces renal ... showing reduced renal