13 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Algorithm #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
life threatening complications ... hypokalemia is differentiating ... suggests extra-renal ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Volume ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Causes
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Low intake 
• poor oral intake 

Renal loss 
• Medication 
• Hypomagnesemia 
•
Algorithm Low ... oral intake Renal ... Nonreabsorbable anions • Renal ... tubular acidosis • Gitelman's ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Chloridorrhea Renal ... • Penicillins Renal ... Hypomagnesemia • Barrter's/Gitelman's ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Malabsorption RENAL ... nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC) • Gitelman's ... syndrome • Thiazide ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... • Hypokalemia (renal ... , Renal tubular ... #Syndrome #diagnosis
Differentiation Syndrome in APML
Epidemiology:
 • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study)
 • Triggers:
Differentiation ... Syndrome in APML ... Triggers: ATRA treatment ... Pathophysiology ... Anaphylaxis, Acute Renal
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Volume ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... hyperaldosteronism • High PRA: Renal ... #Causes
Complications after Bariatric Surgery
Post Bariatric Intestinal Failure:
 • Severe protein malnutrition after bariatric surgery
 • More
Consider refeeding syndrome ... Tx: Small and low ... Gastric bypass causes ... kidney and forms renal ... gastroenterology #diagnosis