12 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Algorithm Hypovolemia ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... or chronic renal ... #Algorithm #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Pre-Renal:
 • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Acute Kidney Injury ... Framework Pre-Renal ... : • Hypovolemia ... Hypercalcemia, Renal ... #nephrology #causes
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
life threatening complications ... differentiating kidney ... suggests extra-renal ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #diagnosis #Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... urinary sediment, renal ... HIV serology, renal ... eosinophiluria, renal ... #nephrology #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Regulating Renal ... stones caused by ... Inhibitors of Renal ... #Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria - Urine Output > 3L/day, Increased Urine Volume (>2ml/min)
Osmotic
/min) Osmotic Diuresis ... Recovery from Acute ... Renal Failure, ... #Polyuria #Nephrology ... #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal ... failure (acute ... Renal acidosis ... (with renal insufficiency ... #causes #nephrology
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
lost via osmotic diuresis ... To prevent hypokalemia ... patient has good renal ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... #DKA #pathophysiology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
, including a diuretic ... kidney injury). ... eg, presence of renal ... : Renal artery stenosis ... Renal parenchymal
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
HYPOTENSION → renal ... vasoconstriction → decreased renal ... perfusion → renal ... Cast formation: Renal ... Loop diuretics for