661 results
Macula Densa Pathway - Physiological Pathways, Feedback Loops, and Pharmacological Regulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-System

#MaculaDensa #Pathophysiology #Nephrology
Physiological Pathways, Feedback ... Pathophysiology #Nephrology #Renal
Pathophysiology - Renal compression as a mechanism of obesity hypertension. 
Compression of the thin loop of
Pathophysiology - Renal ... loop of Henle by renal ... tubuloglomerular feedback ... nephron injury #Renal
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Diarrhea • RENAL ... gas transport, renal ... tubulo-glomerular feedback
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Tubuloglomerular feedback ... filtration - Renal ... stretch - decreased renal ... blood flow and renal ... Instability: - Renal
Regulation of GFR
Physiologically, GFR is auto-regulated very precisely with changes in the mean arterial pressure (MAP)
neuro-hormonal feedback ... Tubuloglomerular feedback ... Neuro-hormonal feedback
Menstrual Cycle Physiology: Ovarian Cycle – Ovulation Explained

Around Day 14, estrogen exerts sudden +++ positive feedback
sudden +++ positive feedback ... negative to positive feedback
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury - Differential Diagnosis Framework 
Pre-Renal
Post-Renal
Intrinsic Renal:
 • Tubules (ATN)
 • Glomerular:
Framework Pre-Renal ... Post-Renal Intrinsic ... Renal: • Tubules
Considerations for Crystalloids - 0.9% NS vs LR vs Plasma-Lyte
 - Causes hyperkalemia?
 - Safe to
per @kidney_boy feedback
Feedback Loop: Prolactin (PRL)
 • PRL levels exhibit diurnal, menstrual, and age-related variation
 • TRH has
Feedback Loop: Prolactin
Causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI is classified into pre-renal, renal, and post-renal causes. Renal
classified into pre-renal ... , renal, and post-renal ... Renal causes of