65 results
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Causes of Hypoxemia ... Algorithm Ventilation/perfusion ... Ventricular Septal Defect ... Atrial Septal Defect ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure - Differential Diagnosis Framework
DECREASED INSPIRED OXYGEN
 • Low PATM Can decrease first part
gas equation • Causes ... defects) VENTILATION ... /PERFUSION (V/Q) ... • Most common cause ... ventricular septal defects
Marcus Gunn Pupil - Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD)
Definition: Afferent loop of the pupillary light reflex
Afferent Pupillary Defect ... Optic nerve* (main cause ... Swinging flashlight ... Afferent #Pupillary #Defect
Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect

This maneuver of intermittent light stimulus is called the alternating light test or
Afferent Pupillary Defect ... test or "swinging-flashlight ... afferent pupillary defect ... regarding the cause ... Afferent #Pupillary #Defect
Causes of Cyanosis in the Newborn - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Peripheral Only:
 • Poor Perfusion
 • Acrocyanosis
Hemoglobinopathy:
Causes of Cyanosis ... Only: • Poor Perfusion ... Ventricular Septal Defect ... Atrial Septal Defect ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Management Summary A defect ... lung disease Caused ... either due to a diffusion-perfusion ... defect (Type 1) ... • Oxygenation defect
Differential Diagnosis for Hemolytic Anemia
Intrinsic Causes:
 • Enzyme deficiencies ex. G6PD, pyruvate kinase 
 • Hemoglobinopathies
Anemia Intrinsic Causes ... • Membrane defects ... elliptocytosis Extrinsic Causes ... Intravascular Causes ... Differential #Diagnosis #causes
Causes of Pericardial Effusion - Differential Diagnosis
Infectious:
 • Viral: Enterovirus, Herpesvirus, Adenovirus, Parvovirus
 • Bacterial: Mycobacterium
Causes of Pericardial ... Effusion - Differential ... Radiation Injury, Direct ... #Pericardial #Effusion ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Focused Assessment with Sonography for HIV/TB - The FASH Exam

The main objective of the FASH exam
FASH exam is to detect ... and pericardial effusions ... #Diagnosis #POCUS
Causes of Lactate Elevation, Lactic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis

The most common causes of hyperlactatemia are usually:
/ hypoxemia -> focus ... on improving perfusion ... Reduced tissue perfusion ... B3: Hereditary Defects ... myopathies - Defects