5 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
Primary and Secondary ... Causes of Mitral ... ), Spontaneous rupture ... Left ventricular aneurysm ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
My Patient with Infective Endocarditis (IE) Has Negative Blood Cultures
 - Did they receive antibiotics prior
with Infective Endocarditis ... therapy - Number one cause ... of culture negative ... #Infective #Endocarditis ... #Diagnosis #Management
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
• Coagulase-negative ... lesions • Mycotic aneurysm ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Treat underlying cause ... #diagnosis #management
Streptocccus Pneumoniae
Microbiology: Gram Positive, Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative
Epidemiology - 10% adult carriers:
 • Most common cause of:
Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative ... • Most common cause ... media • Important cause ... sinus • Sputum culture ... microbiology #diagnosis #management
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
aureus, Coagulase-negative ... Negative: • Bartonella ... lesions • Mycotic aneurysm ... Septic emboli cause ... Treat underlying cause