7 results
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... ), Spontaneous rupture ... Left ventricular aneurysm ... Regurgitation #differential ... diagnosis #cardiology #causes
Causes of blood culture negative infective endocarditis

Bartonella spp, Brucella spp, Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia spp, Tropheryma whipplei,
Causes of blood ... infective endocarditis ... nutritionally variant Strep ... #differential # ... #Endocarditis #
Causes of Severe Aortic Regurgitation - Differential Diagnosis
Acute:
 • Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture, Acute Infective Endocarditis, Acute
Causes of Severe ... Regurgitation - Differential ... Leaflet: Traumatic Rupture ... Acute Infective Endocarditis ... Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
Streptocccus Pneumoniae
Microbiology: Gram Positive, Alpha-hemolytic, Catalase Negative
Epidemiology - 10% adult carriers:
 • Most common cause of:
• Most common cause ... media • Important cause ... sinus • Sputum culture ... Streptocccus #Pneumoniae #strep ... microbiology #diagnosis #management
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
lesions • Mycotic aneurysm ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... Treat underlying cause ... #diagnosis #management
Blood Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis (BCNIE)
Definition: No etiology found after 3 separate blood cultures remain negative for
Infective Endocarditis ... but important causes ... nutritionally variant Strep ... Negative #Infective #Endocarditis ... #diagnosis #differential
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
and Differential ... lesions • Mycotic aneurysm ... Septic emboli cause ... Treat underlying cause ... #Differential #