3916 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
HPS - Diagnosis:
 1. Patients with liver disease
 2. Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (AaP02) >15 mmHg
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome ... #diagnosis #management
Algorithm for Suspected SVC Syndrome

SVC syndrome suspected: Facial/arm/neck edema, distended neck/chest veins, facial plethora, dyspnea, cough,
Suspected SVC Syndrome ... SVC syndrome ... syncope, etc SVC Syndrome ... Grading: 0: Asymptomatic ... Algorithm #diagnosis #management
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Diagnosis and Management ... 80mmHg or A-a gradient ... hepatopulmonary #syndrome ... #diagnosis #management
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Approach to the A-a Gradient ... A-a gradient = ... A-a Gradient ≤ ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
Diagnosis of ascites according to the serum ascites albumin gradient (SAAG)
SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 - Ascitic protein
ascites albumin gradient ... Late Budd-Chiari syndrome ... Early Budd-Chiari syndrome ... leak, Nephrotic syndrome ... ascites #albumin #gradient
Ascites Differential Diagnosis Table - Serum Ascites Albumin Gradient (SAAG)

SAAG ≥ 1.1:
 • Cirrhosis
 • Portal
Ascites Albumin Gradient ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Serum #Albumin #Gradient
Severity of Aortic Stenosis in Adults 
Current ACC/AHA guidelines recommend cut-off values for Doppler-echocardiographic measurements of
0.6 cm2/m2, mean gradient ... transvalvular gradient ... , inconsistent grading ... <1 cm2 with a gradient
Inherited Colorectal Cancer (CRS) Syndromes
Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes:
 • Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), Attenuated FAP (AFAP), MUTYH
Colorectal Cancer (CRS) Syndromes ... Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes ... Urinary → Lynch Syndrome ... Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome ... #diagnosis #management
Hypoxemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm by A-a Gradient

Normal A-a Gradient:
 • ↓ Atmospheric pressure
 • Hypoventilation: CNS
Algorithm by A-a Gradient ... Normal A-a Gradient ... compliance ↑ A-a Gradient ... pulmonary #Aa #Gradient
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ... Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient ... Hepatopulmonary #Syndrome