16 results
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
(Composed of T-helper ... & inflammatory cells ... dysrhythmias • Ophthalmologic ... #Sarcoidosis #Diagnosis ... #Symptoms #Signs
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Musculoskeletal Manifestations

 • Immune Complex Deposition
    - Arthralgia, Arthritis
Myopathy (Also caused ... Erythematosus #SLE #MSK ... Musculoskeletal #Complications ... pathophysiology #signs ... #symptoms #diagnosis
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
mutated in all cells ... Retinoblastoma Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Equina Syndrome Causes ... lumbar spine Signs ... / Symptoms / Complications ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #symptoms #signs
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) - Recognition of giant cell arteritis (GCA)

1) Is visual loss caused
Is visual loss caused ... vision in patients older ... Doppler US : halo sign ... #Rheumatology #Ophthalmology ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Chronic Hypertensive Retinopathy: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Ophthalmic Artery Hypertension
Stage 1: Mild/vasoconstrictive
 • Acute and chronic vasospasm
hyalinization causes ... BRB breakdown causes ... pathophysiology #ophthalmology ... #diagnosis #signs ... #symptoms #complications
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
• Langerhan cells ... hair follicles -> causes ... pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #signs #symptoms ... #complications
Intramuscular Calf Hematoma on POCUS
80 y/o older man. CAD + DAPT.  Working on fishing boat.
Calf Hematoma on POCUS ... 80 y/o older man ... signs, but demonstrating ... look for other causes ... #msk #ultrasound
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary

Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm
 • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Affects mainly older ... Physical Exam/Signs ... phenomenon CLL Diagnosis ... kinase (BTK) Complications ... leukemia • GI complications
Giant cell arteritis (GCA)

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) definition: Most common systemic inflammatory vasculitis in older adults
vasculitis in older ... and ophthalmic complications ... systemic sx + signs ... required +/- prompt ophthalmology ... GCA #Temporal #Signs