19 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... Repeat the sodium ... Assess volume status ... • SIADH • hypothyroidism ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Differential Algorithm ... in addition) of volume ... acid: - Urine sodium ... - Urine sodium ... #Differential #Algorithm
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Volume Based Approach ... to Hyponatremia ... acid <4 • SIADH, Hypothyroidism ... algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Pathophysiology Based Approach to Hyponatremia - Diagnostic Algorithm

Not the "classic" Volume based approach. 

#Hyponatremia #Algorithm #Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology ... - Diagnostic Algorithm ... the "classic" Volume ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm ... #Pathophysiology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Hypovolemic - Give volume ... CKD, Thiazides, Hypothyroidism ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... Medications (diuretics), Hypothyroidism ... polydipsia, Low solute ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine ... poor response to volume ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... or low Uosm), Hypothyroidism ... diagnosis #table #sodium
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 
1) Neurological event
2) Sodium loss from tubules
3) Naturiesis →
Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology ... Neurological event 2) Sodium ... → Subclinical volume ... Increased urine volume ... diagnosis #nephrology #hyponatremia
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Effective Circulating Volume ... ”) - Volume depletion ... Endocrinopathies - Hypothyroidism ... Table #Causes #Sodium
Hashitoxicosis

‘Leakage’ symptoms of active Hashimoto’s disease

- Hashitoxicosis (Htx) can occur during the initial hyperthyroid stage in
during the initial hyperthyroid ... thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism ... enough of it (hypothyroidism ... Diffuse infiltration ... Endocrinology #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology