28 results
Calcium Homeostasis

Serum Calcium - PTH - Vitamin D Regulation

#Calcium #Homeostasis #Pathophysiology #Autoregulation #VitaminD #PTH #Endocrinology
Serum Calcium ... - PTH - Vitamin ... #Homeostasis #Pathophysiology ... Autoregulation #VitaminD ... #PTH #Endocrinology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... )-alkali syndrome ... • Vitamin D intoxication ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Algorithm Elevated PTH ... Cholecalciferol - Excess Vitamin ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Calcium homeostasis is a process controlled by chiefly by hormones vitamin D and PTH. 
Vitamin D
D and PTH. ... PTH acts to increase ... #Pathophysiology ... #Endocrinology ... #PTH #VitaminD
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH ... - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... Parathyroid #Hormone #PTH ... #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Autosomal Dominant Calcium ... • Lithium • Vitamin ... Malignancy • PTH-Related ... Other • Excess Calcium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... • Vitamin ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... • Hereditary Vitamin ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... Determine whether PTH-dependent ... other hormonal causes ... Diagnosis #algorithm #endocrinology ... #calcium
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin ... , ↓→Calcium, ↓Vitamin ... , ↑Calcium, ↓Vitamin ... Hyperparathyroidism #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Hypocalcemia Laboratory ... Serum levels of PTH ... Hypoparathyroidism - Calcium-sensing ... pseudohypoparathyroidism) - Vitamin ... Hyperparathyroidism #Diagnosis #Endocrinology