9 results
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... (TLS) Tumor Cell ... -> Allantoin (High ... #TLS #Pathophysiology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... )-alkali syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... immature blasts and high ... Spontaneous if high ... hydration - Hyperkalemia ... #TLS #diagnosis
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Activating Mutation in Calcium ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
wasting crisis & hyperkalemia ... Hirsutism & acne • Infertility ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD ... #pathophysiology ... #genetics #endocrinology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary

Trauma:
 • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury
Exertional:
 •
iniury, Compartment syndrome ... HIV, Influenza, TSS ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... potassium and calcium ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia
Sarcoidosis - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Epidemiology
1) High incidence in Scandinavian countries (11-24 cases per 100,000 individuals
Epidemiology 1) High ... survival is 93-95% Pathophysiology ... fibrosis. 4) Calcium ... hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia ... patients) and/or hypercalcuria
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies

Neutropenic fever:
- Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
antibiotics TLS ... low Ca - q8 h TLS ... plasmapheresis Hypercalcemia ... malignancy: - Calcium ... /dL → treat - Calcium
Bulimia Nervosa: Complications
GASTROINTESTINAL
 • Dehydration & inability to digest food -> Constipation
 • Recurrent vomiting exposes
• Boerhaave syndrome ... Binging on foods high ... > Amenorrhea & Infertility ... Calcium, VitD) and ... Complications #pathophysiology