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Hypocalcemia - Workup Algorithm

Dr Nikhil Lohiya - NEPHKIDS 2020 @NEPHKIDS1

#Hypocalcemia #Workup #Algorithm #differential #diagnosis #endocrinology #causes
Hypocalcemia - Workup ... @NEPHKIDS1 #Hypocalcemia ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #causes #calcium
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... )-alkali syndrome ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Activating Mutation in Calcium ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Low PTH: • Elevated ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
PTH) Effect in Calcium ... and Phosphorus Calcium ... - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia Workup and Differential Diagnosis Framework
1) Determine whether PTH-dependent
2) Assess for other hormonal causes
3) Assess for
Hypercalcemia Workup ... other hormonal causes ... for non-hormonal causes ... Diagnosis #algorithm #endocrinology ... #calcium
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis and Management
PTH Independent (↑ PTH)
 • LOW VIT D
    -
Hypocalcemia - Diagnosis ... Independent (↑ PTH) • LOW ... - Calcium Sequestration ... - DiGeorge Syndrome ... Diagnosis #Management #endocrinology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
Familial: Bartter syndrome ... and Gitelman syndrome ... with secondary, hypocalcemia ... pentamidine), Hypercalcemia ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Increased Loss 
 - Increased GI Loss
 - Increased Urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Refeeding Syndrome ... #Hypokalemia ... #potassium #low ... #pathophysiology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... deficiency • Drugs: Calcium ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... @aishaikh #Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #nephrology #calcium